CKD BURDEN
THE IMPACT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IS EXTENSIVE

As of 2019, approximately 463 million adults ages 20–79 have diabetes worldwide, of which around 90% have T2D5

Up to 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes develop chronic kidney disease6

Patients with stage 3 CKD are 10x more likely to die from any cause (including CV disease) than to progress to stage 5 CKD, dialysis, or kidney transplantation1*

CKD can shorten life expectancy of patients with diabetes by up to 16 years, relative to the general population with neither disease4
COMPARED WITH T2D ALONE, COMORBID KIDNEY DISEASE INCREASES CV MORTALITY

CKD PROGRESSION CAN HAVE SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES FOR PATIENTS

CKD progression in T2D follows a path toward declining kidney function, increased risk of cardiovascular complications (including ischemia, arrhythmia, and heart failure) and ultimately end-stage renal disease. Once renal function declines below a certain threshold, patients face the complications and risks associated with ESKD.8,9

Once patients reach ESKD, approximately 60% will die in the next 5 years.1 The cost-utility ratio of dialysis in Canada amounts to $103,779 (per quality-adjusted life-year).10 The patient experience is disruptive to normal work and life and associated with a negative impact to quality of life.11 Protecting the kidney from CKD progression is of primary importance.
* A Norwegian 10-year observational study of patients with CKD stage 3 (N=3047).
CKD: chronic kidney disease; CV: cardiovascular; ESKD: endstage kidney disease; T2D: type 2 diabetes.
References
1. | Levin A, Stevens PE, Bilous RW, et al. (2013). Kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKD work group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International Supplements, 3(1), 1-150. https://doi.org/10.1038/kisup.2012.732. Wen, C.. Diabetes with early kidney involvement may shorten life expectancy by 16 years. Kidney International, 2017;92(2), 388–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2017.01.030 |
4. | Wen, C. Diabetes with early kidney involvement may shorten life expectancy by 16 years. Kidney International, 2017;92(2), 388–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2017.01.030 |
5. | International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 9th ed. Brussels; 2019. Accessed January 29, 2021. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org |
6. | Yee J. Diabetic Kidney Disease: Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum 2008 Jan; 21(1): 8-10. doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.21.1.8 |
7. | Amod A, et al.; DEVOTE Study Group. Diabetes Ther. 2020;11(1):53–70. |
8. | Levin A, Stevens PE, Bilous RW, et al. (2013). Kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKD work group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International Supplements, 3(1), 1-150. https://doi.org/10.1038/kisup.2012.73 |
9. | Imig JD, Ryan MJ. Immune and inflammatory role in renal disease. Compr Physiol. 2013 Apr;3(2):957-76. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c120028. PMID: 23720336; PMCID: PMC3803162. |
10. | Ferguson, T. W., Whitlock, R. H., Bamforth, R. J., et al. 2021; 3(1). Kid. Med. doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2020.07.011 |
11. | Tong A, Sainsbury P, Chadban S, et al. Patients’ experiences and perspectives of living with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Apr;53(4):689-700. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.10.050. Epub 2009 Feb 11. PMID: 19216015. |